By Rhiannon Meyers
The Daily News
Published June 2, 2008
Protected sea turtles are washing up dead or injured along the Texas and Mexico Gulf Coast, but officials say they are arriving in far fewer numbers than in years past.
In the past eight years, the number of stranded sea turtles has steadily decreased, excluding a bizarre cold snap in 2007 that killed off hundreds of endangered green turtles.
Conservationists are pointing to the decline in standings as proof that controversial turtle excluder devices work.
“They are not 100 percent effective, but they’ve certainly saved the lives of many turtles,” said Donna Shaver, chief of the division of sea turtle science and recovery at Padre Island National Seashore. “Most folks agree, turtle excluder devices are a big contributor to the rise in the Kemp’s ridley population.”
A turtle excluder device is a grid of metal bars that sits in the neck of a trawl net. The bars let shrimp through but block turtles and eject them through an opening in the net.
The devices were mandated in 1987, and after at least 10 court cases, upheld by a judge in 1991.
Before turtle excluder devices were required on shrimp trawlers, it was common to find the beach littered with turtle carcasses three to four days after shrimp season opened, said Marydelle Donnelly with the Caribbean Conservation Corp. and Sea Turtle Survival League.
Since the advent of the excluder devices, the state of Texas, where boats are monitored by agents from the state’s fish and wildlife department and by federal agents from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency, has done a good job protecting sea turtles, Donnelly said. Today, federal agents log an average of 31 violations of turtle excluder devices per year, said Monica Allen, spokeswoman of the National Oceanic Atmospheric Association.
Still, the government will never fully be able to stop strandings that are caused by human hands or by natural events, such as cold snaps, she said.
It’s not clear what’s killing the turtles that have been washing up on the beach this year.
Most of them are so mangled or decayed it’s hard to say what they died from.
For example, in one month alone, 53 turtles were found dead along the Gulf Coast in Texas and Mexico, according to reports from the Padre Island National Seashore ranger station. Another 14 were found alive but sickly.
In many cases, the turtles were missing their heads, eyes, tails and flippers, the report states. In other cases, the turtles were found dead with gashes or cracks in their shells. Some were tangled in rope wrapped around their necks or flippers. Some were alive, but had swallowed fishing line or had injuries to their flippers and shells, according to the report.
It’s clear that some are being struck by boat propellers, but conservationists aren’t sure if that’s what’s causing their deaths or whether they are already dead when they are struck by boats, Donnelly said.
Missing heads, tails or flippers could be the work of scavengers like coyotes that feed off the turtle carcasses when they wash up on shore, Shaver said.
At least, there are no clear indications from the stranding reports that humans are butchering the turtles, she said.
There have been some reports that there are “more suspicious” turtle deaths in the areas between the Texas-Louisiana border and Freeport, but Shaver declined to talk about those since she had not seen the carcasses.
Shana Kethan of the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration reports on stranded turtles in that region, which includes Galveston and Bolivar Peninsula. She declined to talk about the carcasses, referring all questions to Shaver.
Carole Allen is Gulf Office director of the Sea Turtle Restoration Project, part of a nonprofit environmental group in California called Turtle Island Restoration Network.
Allen has butted heads through the years with shrimpers about turtle protection laws, and she argues that fishermen are killing the sea turtles.
Allen, who said she found three dead Kemp’s ridley sea turtles on Bolivar Peninsula in late April, said she thinks the missing heads and flippers are indicative of slaughter, not predators.
“The report will say, ‘It looks like a propeller hit the turtle’ or maybe it was a great big machete knife?” she said.
She has asked state and federal agents to step up law enforcement in the area because she suspects fisherman and shrimpers are not properly using their turtle excluder devices. She’s lobbying for the state to prohibit shrimping within 5 nautical miles of the shoreline year-round to protect sea turtles.
The good news, though, about endangered sea turtles is that many of them appear to be making a comeback, Donnelly said. Nestlings, especially among Kemp’s ridley sea turtles, are up, while standings are down.
“Kemp’s ridleys have been doing much better in the past 10 years,” Donnelly said.
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By the numbers
The number of turtle standings along the Gulf Coast in Texas and Mexico:
2000 — 389 2001 — 375 2002 — 327 2003 — 221 2004 — 297 2005 — 255 2006 — 271 2007 — 717 2008 — 177